Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent, similar episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. An episode may last for a few hours to several days and then is followed by a period of time during which affected individuals are free of severe nausea and vomiting. This alternating pattern of disease and disease-free periods distinguishes cyclic vomiting syndrome from other similar disorders. Also, in cyclic vomiting syndrome, within each sufferer the episodes are similar. The associated nausea and vomiting can be severe enough to be incapacitating (e.g., individuals may be unable to walk or talk and/or be bedridden). Additional symptoms that are often present during an episode including dizziness, paleness of the skin (pallor), lack of energy (lethargy), abdominal pain and headaches. Oftentimes, nausea is the most disturbing symptom, and vomiting is infrequent. In some cases as children grow older, they may outgrow these episodes, although many of these children eventually develop migraines. Cyclic vomiting syndrome may affect children more often than adults. The exact cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome is unknown.

A bilious attack, also known as a gallbladder attack, is one of the most severe gastrointestinal problems.

• These attacks occur when bile and minerals in the body form small stone-like structures or gallstones.
• Consequently, these stones pass through the bile ducts by the gallbladder, which causes mild to severe pain in the process.
• The person suffering from this attack may feel a sharp pain in the upper right or middle part of the abdomen.
• Such attacks usually occur due to the consumption of food that is high in cholesterol or fat.
• In such situations, the body tries to release bile from the bladder but fails due to blockage of gallstones.

Symptoms for bilious attacks

There are two types of gallbladder diseases that cause these attacks. Those are cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis.

CHOLECYSTITIS
This type causes redness, inflammation or swelling of the gallbladder due to the blockage of the bile duct by gallstones. Symptoms include:

• Sudden severe pain in the abdominal area
• Bloating
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Chills
• Fever
• Sweating
• Abdominal Cramping
• Jaundice

CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS
This is a type of vein disease, and it occurs when gallstones get stuck in the bile duct. Symptoms include:

• Pain in the upper right abdomen
• Fever
• Yellow eye and skin
• Appetite loss
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Light, gray-coloured stools
• Dark-coloured urine

Conditions
Cholecystitis,Choledocholithiasis,Inflammation of the pancreas,Chronic gallbladder disease
Drugs
Ibuprofen,Paracetamol,Ursodiol,Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Symptoms
Pain in the abdomen,Fever,Nausea,Vomiting,Sweating,Chills,Abdominal cramps

A bilious attack, also known as a gallbladder attack is one of the most severe gastrointestinal problems. These attacks occur when bile and minerals in the body form small stone-like structures or gallstones. Consequently, these stones pass through the bile ducts by the gallbladder which cause mild to severe pain in the process.

The person suffering from this attack may feel a sharp pain in their upper right or middle part of the abdomen. Such attacks usually occur due to consumption of food that are high in cholesterol or fat. In such situations, the body tries to release bile from the bladder but fails due to blockage of gallstones.

Causes for bilious attack

• While traveling through the bile duct when the gallstones get stuck that is the primary reason for a gallbladder attack. When this blockage occurs it causes the bladder to spasm and leads to a very sharp pain that may feel like being cut by a knife in the abdomen area.

Other reasons why a bilious attack might be caused is due to the following:

• There is too much cholesterol in your bile
• Your bile contains too much bilirubin (a chemical that is produced when your body breaks down red blood cells
• The gallbladder doesn’t empty correctly

Conditions
Cholecystitis,Choledocholithiasis,Inflammation of the pancreas,Chronic gallbladder disease
Drugs
Ibuprofen,Paracetamol,Ursodiol,Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Symptoms
Pain in the abdomen,Fever,Nausea,Vomiting,Sweating,Chills,Abdominal cramps

The gall bladder is an important organ in the body that is responsible for storing bile.

• Bile is a substance formed by the liver that helps maintain the digestion process in the small intestine.
• The bilious attack is characterized by intense stomach pain, which happens due to gallstones.
• The condition requires treatment, to prevent the attacks that will often occur when left untreated.
• If the gallbladder is not removed, there are higher chances of developing gallstones, which may ultimately result in damage or infection of bile ducts or the liver. Based on the condition, the patients will be prescribed medication or therapy.

Medications

• During an episode of bilious attack, healthcare professionals' focus on managing the pain is considered the cornerstone of treatment. In such conditions, certain medications, including
• some types of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Ibuprofen
• Antispasmodic agents such as scopolamine decrease the spasm in the gallbladder
• Antiemetic drugs to decrease the symptoms, nausea, and vomiting.
• Surgery is the most common treatment to prevent a bilious attack. It is suggested to surgically remove the gallbladder, to avoid further complications, and the body can function without the organ.
• However, without the removal of the organ, the gallstone is more likely to form again within 5 years of an attack or episode.

Conditions
Cholecystitis,Choledocholithiasis,Inflammation of the pancreas,Chronic gallbladder disease
Drugs
Ibuprofen,Paracetamol,Ursodiol,Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Symptoms
Pain in the abdomen,Fever,Nausea,Vomiting,Sweating,Chills,Abdominal cramps

Bilious attacks or gallbladder attack is a type of abdominal pain that occurs due to the temporary blockage in bile ducts, leading out from the gallbladder. Even though anyone can experience the bilious attack episode, some people are more susceptible t experiencing the condition than others and are more likely to develop biliary colic. They are.

• Being female
• Individuals who are 40 years of age and above
• Individuals who are obese or overweight
• People who have a family history of bilious attacks
• People who belong to specific geographical regions, including Native Americans or Mexican Americans
• Individuals who follow a diet that is rich in calories and refined carbohydrates, saturated fat as well as low in fiber
• In general, gallstones, also known as pigment stones, are produced from bilirubin that cholesterol.
• Patients will have sickle cell anemia or relevant diseases
• People with liver-related disorders, including Liver cirrhosis
• Patients who are diagnosed with gastrointestinal problems, including Crohn’s disease.
• Individuals who have insulin resistance or diabetes mellitus.
• People who have developed an infection in the bile ducts
• Overall, consuming a balanced and nutritious diet while ensuring to maintain a healthy weight will eventually reduce the risk of developing gallstones and prevent bilious attacks.

Conditions
Cholecystitis,Choledocholithiasis,Inflammation of the pancreas,Chronic gallbladder disease
Drugs
Ibuprofen,Paracetamol,Ursodiol,Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Symptoms
Pain in the abdomen,Fever,Nausea,Vomiting,Sweating,Chills,Abdominal cramps

A bilious attack is a steady or intermittent pain in the upper abdomen, below the right side of the rib cage. The condition occurs when the bile flow from the gallbladder is blocked. Generally, the bile, generated from the liver will be stored in the gallbladder. During digestion, bile moves from the gallbladder via cystic and common bile duct to the small intestine, to mix with partially digested foods.

• The formation of Gall stones in these ducts will block the normal flow of bile, resulting in bilious attack episodes. When medications don’t seem to relieve the condition, surgery is the only ideal option to cure the bilious attacks.
• Surgery – The most optimal treatment for the bilious attack is the surgical removal of the gallbladder, which is known as cholecystectomy. There are two types of the process,
• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy – In this method, small cuts will be made in the abdominal area to insert a thin tube, attacked with the camera. This will allow the surgeon to view the area to operate and remove the gallbladder.
• Open cholecystectomy – This process is recommended when the condition is diagnosed to be more severe, where the gallbladder is scarred or inflamed. A 4 to 6-inch cut will be made in the abdomen to remove the gallbladder.
• Surgery may not be an option for all cases, as it is possible to dissolve the gallstones, which are smaller in size, with some medications such as NSAIDs.

Conditions
Cholecystitis,Choledocholithiasis,Inflammation of the pancreas,Chronic gallbladder disease
Drugs
Ibuprofen,Paracetamol,Ursodiol,Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Symptoms
Pain in the abdomen,Fever,Nausea,Vomiting,Sweating,Chills,Abdominal cramps